Integrated European
Long-Term Ecosystem, critical zone and
socio-ecological Research

Sociosphere

For more information about the conceptual underpinning of the eLTER SOs and their role in the design and development of the eLTER RI, as well as the process of developing and selecting the SOs, please go to Info Sheet or dive into the Discussion paper on key Standard Observation variables.

Sociosphere

Yield (SOSOC_031)

Comprised Variables: agricultural production (detailed sub-categories for cropland, grassland, forest, fishery, in t/ha and year)
Sociosphere

Land-based income (SOSOC_030)

Comprised Variables: FNVA, FNVA/AWU, FFI, FFI/FWU, Farm worker wages
Sociosphere

Livestock (SOSOC_114)

Comprised Variables: livestock numbers, breeds
Sociosphere

Governance (SOSOC_032)

Comprised Variables: governance structure and character
Sociosphere

Land cover and use (CORINE) (SOSOC_036)

Comprised Variables: land cover, land use, land cover change, land use change (CORINE)
Sociosphere

Land cover and use (Statistics) (SOSOC_037)

Comprised Variables: land cover, land use, land cover change, land use change (Statistics)
Sociosphere

Ecosystem services (SOSOC_040)

Comprised Variables: bundle of variables describing the ecosystem service profile
Sociosphere

Economics - GDP (SOSOC_042)

Comprised Variables: economics (GDP per capita; Per capita income)
Sociosphere

Demography (SOSOC_043)

Comprised Variables: demography (Total population size and density; Population age profile; educational attainment; residential density)
Sociosphere

Employment (SOSOC_044)

Comprised Variables: Employment (Employment rate %; Employment by sector; Unemployment)
Sociosphere

Consumption statistics (SOSOC_045)

Comprised Variables: population consumption statistics
Sociosphere

Resource use (SOSOC_183)

Comprised Variables: DE, IMP, EXP, DPO, BI, DMC, DMI, PTB, NAS: biomass, metal ores, non-metallic minerals, fossil energy carriers (other products, waste, emissions)
Sociosphere

Subsidies (SOSOC_184)

Comprised Variables: CAP payments for direct support, rural development, market measures (€ total, avg. per beneficiary, avg. per ha, nr. of beneficiaries per total agric. holdings)